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Friday, 23 December 2011
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Sunday, 18 December 2011
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BEHR, NAZM, GHAZAL, KAVITA, RACHNA....???
I do not have vast knowledge about poetry, but I am trying to answer your question in a simple way.
Whats are differeneces between behr, Nazm, Ghazal, kavita, rachna....???
to know the differences between all this, first we shuuld know what is beh’r, Nazm, Ghazal, Kavita & Rachana.
1) Ancient Indian Poetry (indo-Aryan languages)
Geet & Kavita,
Geet is a word in several Indo-Aryan languages, deriving from the Sanskrit word gita, which means a song or a poem. It is a genre of poetry in most contemporary Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi, Punjabi, Guajarati, etc. It is commonly used as song or hymn.
Kavita: Kavi(poet) +ta(imagination) = Creation/imagination of a poet, the whole poetic work of a poet(KAVI) may be called a kavita. It is just like Nazm. (But Nazm basically consist of urdu words, but Kavita basically consist of Hindi words. ) Just like the difference between a Shayar and a kavi...: D Nazm & kavita is almost same...
An example of Kavita, by Sri Gopal Das Neeraj
chhup chhup ashru bahaane waaloN,
Moti byarth lutaane waaloN,
Kuchh sapno ke mar jaane se jeevan nahiiN mara karta hai.
Sapna kya hai, nayan sej par,
soya huaa aaNkh ka paani
aur TooTna hai us ka jyoN,
Jaage kachchhi niNd jawaani,
Gili umar banaane waalon, Doobe bina nahaane waaloN,
Kuchh paani ke bah jaane se saawan nahiiN mara karta hai
Mala bikhar gayee to kya hai,
Khud hi hal ho gaii samshya,
aaNSuu gar niilaam huye to
samjho puri huii tapashya
RooThe deevas manaane waaloN, Phatee kameez silaane waaloN,
Kuchh deepoN ke bujh jaane se, aaNgan nahiIN mara karta hai.
Khota nahiiN kuchh bhi yahaan par,
keval jild badli thee pothii,
Jaise raat utaar chaaNdanii,
pahne subah dhoop ki dhotii,
Vastra badal kar aane waalon, chaal badal kar jaane waaloN,
Chand khilone ke khone se bachpan nahiiN mara karta hai..
Laakh baar gagariyaaN phooti,
shikan na aayee panghat par,
Laakh baar kishtiyaaN duubi,
Chahal-pahal wahiihai taT par,
Tam ki umr baRhaane waalON, lo ki aayu Ghataane waaloN,
Laakh kar patjhaR koShiSh par upban nahiiN mara karta hai..
LooT liya maali ne upban,
LooTi na lekin gaNdh phool kii,
ToofaanoN tak ne CheRha par,
Khirki baNd na huyii dhuul kii,
Nafrat gale lagaane waaloN, sab par dhuul uRaane waalon,
Kuchh mukhroN naarazgii se darpan nahiiN mara karta hai..
(GOPAL DAS NIIRAJ)
Rachana: it means creation. It may be a prose, poetry or any thing else... e.g. we are creation of god. Creations stand here for rachana.
2) Urdu poetry (Arabic and Persian languages)
Urdu poetry (Urdu Shayari) is one of the greatest and finest poetries of the world. It has many different colours & types and some those unique traditions which are nowhere in any poetry. It has generated its root from Arabic and mainly from Persian. Urdu Poetry has two main types i.e. Ghazal and Nazm
Ghazal: In poetry (and as the lyrics in songs), the Ghazal is a poetic form consisting of couplets which share a rhyme and a refrain.
A Ghazal, in short, is a collection of couplets (called sher) which follow the rules of Matla, Maqta, Beher, Qaafiyaa, Radif, Khayaal and Wazan. The traditional complete Ghazal has a matla, a maqta, and atleast three other shers in between. The first two shers of a Ghazal can have the form of a qatha (a specific variation of which is a ruba'ee; most familiar to modern readers from Khayyám's Rubayyat).
Details of the Form
* The second line of each couplet in a Ghazal ends with the repetition of a refrain of one or a few words, known as a Radif, preceded by a rhyme (though in a less strict Ghazal the rhyme does not need to precede the refrain immediately), known as a Kaafiyaa. In the first couplet, this introduces the theme, both lines end in the rhyme and refrain. I.e. AA BA CA etc
* There can be no enjambment across the couplets in a strict Ghazal; each couplet must be a complete sentence (or several sentences) in itself.
* All the couplets, and each line of each couplet, must share the same meter.
* Some Ghazals do not have any Radif. This is, however, rare. Such Ghazals are called "gair-muraddaf" Ghazal.
* Although every Sher, should be an independent poem in itself, it is possible for all the Shers to be on the same theme. Alternatively, even have continuity of thought. This is called a musalsal Ghazal, or "continuous Ghazal". The Ghazal "Chupke chupke raat din aasun bahaanaa yaad hai" is a famous example of this.
* In modern Urdu poetry, there are many Ghazals, which do not follow the restriction of same Beher on both the lines of Sher. However, even in these Ghazals, Kaafiyaa and Radif are present.
* The restriction of Maqta has become rather loose in modern times. The Maqta was used historically as a way for the poet to secure credit for his or her work and poets often make elegant use of their takhallus in the maqta. However, many modern Ghazals do not have a Maqta or, many Ghazals have a Maqta just for the sake of conforming to the structure or tradition. The name of the Shayar is sometimes placed unnaturally in the last Sher of the Ghazal.
In the Context of Sufism, Ghazal by Amir Khusru: (sufiism)
Chhap tilak sab cheeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Chhap tilak sab cheeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Prem bhatee ka madhva pilaikay
Matvali kar leeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Gori gori bayyan, hari hari churiyan
Bayyan pakar dhar leeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Bal bal jaaon mein toray rang rajwa
Apni see kar leeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Khusrau Nijaam kay bal bal jayyiye
Mohay Suhaagan keeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Nazm:
A Nazm is an Urdu poetic form that is normally written in rhymed verse. The Ghazal in Urdu represents the most popular form of subjective poetry, while the Nazm exemplifies the objective kind, often reserved for narrative, descriptive, didactic or satirical purposes.
Example of Nazm:
YAAD: By Fazil Jamili
Tum hanstee thee jaisey saawan gaa'ye malhaar
Tum rotee thee jaisey baarish, woh bhi moosla dhaar
Tum chaltee thee subah saweray jaisey chaley hawa
Tum ruktee thee maang raha ho jaisey koi dua
Tum sotee thee toot rahi ho jaisey koi angrraayee
Mein ney jitney mosam dekhhey yaad tumhaaree aayee
Beher:
behar in Urdu poetry is the meter of a sher (a form of poetry in Urdu, essentially a couplet). It may be considered as the length of the sher. Both the lines in the sher, the couplet, must be of same beher. Moreover, all the shers in one Ghazal (a poetic form consisting of couplets, which share a rhyme and a refrain) must be of the same beher. There are 19 kinds of beher. However, generally beher is categorized in three classes:
Short, medium, long, depending upon the length of the misra (first line of the sher)
For a Ghazal, all the shers in the Ghazal should be of the same of beher. The example of this is this Ghazal of Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Notice the length and meter of the a’shaars in this Ghazal: it is same throughout.
shaiKh saahab se rasm-o-raah na kii
shukr hai zindagii tabaah na kii
tujh ko dekhaa to ser-e-chashm hue
tujh ko chaahaa to aur chaah na kii
tere dast-e-sitam kaa ajz nahii.n
dil hii kaafir thaa jis ne aah na kii
the shab-e-hijr kaam aur bahut
ham ne fikr-e-dil-e-tabaah na kii
kaun qaatil bachaa hai shahar me.n 'Faiz'
jis se yaaro.n ne rasm-o-raah na kii
So, the differences between Behar, Nazm, kavita, rachna, Ghazal
Except, Behr all others are the either expressive or poetic creation by a person. Behr is pattern in which we arrange words of Ghazal/Nazm/Kavita/ geet etc etc in a musical way.
Ghazal
i) Followed the rule of matla/maqta, raadiif, qaafiye, Khayaal, wazn , rhyme etc.
ii) Every couplet of a Ghazal may be called as Nazm coz; every couplet is complete in itself.
iii) Every couplets is complete in it’s self. Ghazal may not be a centralization of a thought,
iv) The Ghazal in Urdu represents the most popular form of subjective poetry,
Nazm
i) Here is only the rule of Khayaal, rhyme, & somewhere behr too.
ii) The entire poetical work is called as Nazm.
iii) The complete poetical work is a centralization of a thought; we cannot write a part Nazm. It will be just like an incomplete story.
iv) The Nazm exemplifies the objective kind, often reserved for narrative, descriptive, didactic or satirical purposes.
Hope you people understand, (uff! kasam se bohat mehnat karwayaa hai,
)
source : http://www.shayri.com/forums/showthread.php?t=54153
Whats are differeneces between behr, Nazm, Ghazal, kavita, rachna....???
to know the differences between all this, first we shuuld know what is beh’r, Nazm, Ghazal, Kavita & Rachana.
1) Ancient Indian Poetry (indo-Aryan languages)
Geet & Kavita,
Geet is a word in several Indo-Aryan languages, deriving from the Sanskrit word gita, which means a song or a poem. It is a genre of poetry in most contemporary Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi, Punjabi, Guajarati, etc. It is commonly used as song or hymn.
Kavita: Kavi(poet) +ta(imagination) = Creation/imagination of a poet, the whole poetic work of a poet(KAVI) may be called a kavita. It is just like Nazm. (But Nazm basically consist of urdu words, but Kavita basically consist of Hindi words. ) Just like the difference between a Shayar and a kavi...: D Nazm & kavita is almost same...
An example of Kavita, by Sri Gopal Das Neeraj
chhup chhup ashru bahaane waaloN,
Moti byarth lutaane waaloN,
Kuchh sapno ke mar jaane se jeevan nahiiN mara karta hai.
Sapna kya hai, nayan sej par,
soya huaa aaNkh ka paani
aur TooTna hai us ka jyoN,
Jaage kachchhi niNd jawaani,
Gili umar banaane waalon, Doobe bina nahaane waaloN,
Kuchh paani ke bah jaane se saawan nahiiN mara karta hai
Mala bikhar gayee to kya hai,
Khud hi hal ho gaii samshya,
aaNSuu gar niilaam huye to
samjho puri huii tapashya
RooThe deevas manaane waaloN, Phatee kameez silaane waaloN,
Kuchh deepoN ke bujh jaane se, aaNgan nahiIN mara karta hai.
Khota nahiiN kuchh bhi yahaan par,
keval jild badli thee pothii,
Jaise raat utaar chaaNdanii,
pahne subah dhoop ki dhotii,
Vastra badal kar aane waalon, chaal badal kar jaane waaloN,
Chand khilone ke khone se bachpan nahiiN mara karta hai..
Laakh baar gagariyaaN phooti,
shikan na aayee panghat par,
Laakh baar kishtiyaaN duubi,
Chahal-pahal wahiihai taT par,
Tam ki umr baRhaane waalON, lo ki aayu Ghataane waaloN,
Laakh kar patjhaR koShiSh par upban nahiiN mara karta hai..
LooT liya maali ne upban,
LooTi na lekin gaNdh phool kii,
ToofaanoN tak ne CheRha par,
Khirki baNd na huyii dhuul kii,
Nafrat gale lagaane waaloN, sab par dhuul uRaane waalon,
Kuchh mukhroN naarazgii se darpan nahiiN mara karta hai..
(GOPAL DAS NIIRAJ)
Rachana: it means creation. It may be a prose, poetry or any thing else... e.g. we are creation of god. Creations stand here for rachana.
2) Urdu poetry (Arabic and Persian languages)
Urdu poetry (Urdu Shayari) is one of the greatest and finest poetries of the world. It has many different colours & types and some those unique traditions which are nowhere in any poetry. It has generated its root from Arabic and mainly from Persian. Urdu Poetry has two main types i.e. Ghazal and Nazm
Ghazal: In poetry (and as the lyrics in songs), the Ghazal is a poetic form consisting of couplets which share a rhyme and a refrain.
A Ghazal, in short, is a collection of couplets (called sher) which follow the rules of Matla, Maqta, Beher, Qaafiyaa, Radif, Khayaal and Wazan. The traditional complete Ghazal has a matla, a maqta, and atleast three other shers in between. The first two shers of a Ghazal can have the form of a qatha (a specific variation of which is a ruba'ee; most familiar to modern readers from Khayyám's Rubayyat).
Details of the Form
* The second line of each couplet in a Ghazal ends with the repetition of a refrain of one or a few words, known as a Radif, preceded by a rhyme (though in a less strict Ghazal the rhyme does not need to precede the refrain immediately), known as a Kaafiyaa. In the first couplet, this introduces the theme, both lines end in the rhyme and refrain. I.e. AA BA CA etc
* There can be no enjambment across the couplets in a strict Ghazal; each couplet must be a complete sentence (or several sentences) in itself.
* All the couplets, and each line of each couplet, must share the same meter.
* Some Ghazals do not have any Radif. This is, however, rare. Such Ghazals are called "gair-muraddaf" Ghazal.
* Although every Sher, should be an independent poem in itself, it is possible for all the Shers to be on the same theme. Alternatively, even have continuity of thought. This is called a musalsal Ghazal, or "continuous Ghazal". The Ghazal "Chupke chupke raat din aasun bahaanaa yaad hai" is a famous example of this.
* In modern Urdu poetry, there are many Ghazals, which do not follow the restriction of same Beher on both the lines of Sher. However, even in these Ghazals, Kaafiyaa and Radif are present.
* The restriction of Maqta has become rather loose in modern times. The Maqta was used historically as a way for the poet to secure credit for his or her work and poets often make elegant use of their takhallus in the maqta. However, many modern Ghazals do not have a Maqta or, many Ghazals have a Maqta just for the sake of conforming to the structure or tradition. The name of the Shayar is sometimes placed unnaturally in the last Sher of the Ghazal.
In the Context of Sufism, Ghazal by Amir Khusru: (sufiism)
Chhap tilak sab cheeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Chhap tilak sab cheeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Prem bhatee ka madhva pilaikay
Matvali kar leeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Gori gori bayyan, hari hari churiyan
Bayyan pakar dhar leeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Bal bal jaaon mein toray rang rajwa
Apni see kar leeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Khusrau Nijaam kay bal bal jayyiye
Mohay Suhaagan keeni ray mosay naina milaikay
Nazm:
A Nazm is an Urdu poetic form that is normally written in rhymed verse. The Ghazal in Urdu represents the most popular form of subjective poetry, while the Nazm exemplifies the objective kind, often reserved for narrative, descriptive, didactic or satirical purposes.
Example of Nazm:
YAAD: By Fazil Jamili
Tum hanstee thee jaisey saawan gaa'ye malhaar
Tum rotee thee jaisey baarish, woh bhi moosla dhaar
Tum chaltee thee subah saweray jaisey chaley hawa
Tum ruktee thee maang raha ho jaisey koi dua
Tum sotee thee toot rahi ho jaisey koi angrraayee
Mein ney jitney mosam dekhhey yaad tumhaaree aayee
Beher:
behar in Urdu poetry is the meter of a sher (a form of poetry in Urdu, essentially a couplet). It may be considered as the length of the sher. Both the lines in the sher, the couplet, must be of same beher. Moreover, all the shers in one Ghazal (a poetic form consisting of couplets, which share a rhyme and a refrain) must be of the same beher. There are 19 kinds of beher. However, generally beher is categorized in three classes:
Short, medium, long, depending upon the length of the misra (first line of the sher)
For a Ghazal, all the shers in the Ghazal should be of the same of beher. The example of this is this Ghazal of Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Notice the length and meter of the a’shaars in this Ghazal: it is same throughout.
shaiKh saahab se rasm-o-raah na kii
shukr hai zindagii tabaah na kii
tujh ko dekhaa to ser-e-chashm hue
tujh ko chaahaa to aur chaah na kii
tere dast-e-sitam kaa ajz nahii.n
dil hii kaafir thaa jis ne aah na kii
the shab-e-hijr kaam aur bahut
ham ne fikr-e-dil-e-tabaah na kii
kaun qaatil bachaa hai shahar me.n 'Faiz'
jis se yaaro.n ne rasm-o-raah na kii
So, the differences between Behar, Nazm, kavita, rachna, Ghazal
Except, Behr all others are the either expressive or poetic creation by a person. Behr is pattern in which we arrange words of Ghazal/Nazm/Kavita/ geet etc etc in a musical way.
Ghazal
i) Followed the rule of matla/maqta, raadiif, qaafiye, Khayaal, wazn , rhyme etc.
ii) Every couplet of a Ghazal may be called as Nazm coz; every couplet is complete in itself.
iii) Every couplets is complete in it’s self. Ghazal may not be a centralization of a thought,
iv) The Ghazal in Urdu represents the most popular form of subjective poetry,
Nazm
i) Here is only the rule of Khayaal, rhyme, & somewhere behr too.
ii) The entire poetical work is called as Nazm.
iii) The complete poetical work is a centralization of a thought; we cannot write a part Nazm. It will be just like an incomplete story.
iv) The Nazm exemplifies the objective kind, often reserved for narrative, descriptive, didactic or satirical purposes.
Hope you people understand, (uff! kasam se bohat mehnat karwayaa hai,
)source : http://www.shayri.com/forums/showthread.php?t=54153
Mirza Ghalib
Life
Mirza Ghalib was born in Agra to parents with Turkish aristocratic ancestry on 27th December 1796.
Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan — known to posterity as Ghalib, a `nom de plume’ he adopted in the tradition of all classical Urdu poets, was born in the city of Agra, of parents with Turkish aristocratic ancestry, probably on December 27th, 1797. As to the precise date, Imtiyaz Ali Arshi has conjectured, on the basis of Ghalib’s horoscope, that the poet might have been born a month later, in January 1798.
The death of his father and uncle during his youth left Ghalib with no male-dominant figures. He then moved to Delhi.
Ghalib’s early education has always been a matter of confusion. There are no known records of his formal education, although it was known that his circle of friends in Delhi were some of the most intelligent minds of the time.
Around 1810, he was married into a family of nobles, at the age of thirteen. He had seven children, none of whom survived (this pain has found its echo in some of Ghalib’s ghazals). There are conflicting reports regarding his relationship with his wife. She was considered to be pious, conservative and God-fearing while Ghalib was carefree, unconventional without any scruples, and arguably not very religious, in the strict sense of the word.
Ghalib was very fond of drinking and gambling (in this respect, he himself admitted he was not quite a strict “Muslim”). Gambling used to be an offence in Delhi at that time and he was even apprehended once for having indulged in it in his own backyard. Ghalib also had an affair with a courtesan who quite admired his poetry. There still exists the First Information Report filed against Ghalib in Kotwali ( “Police Station” is a more convenient term in modern (English) language), Daryaganj, New Delhi that relates his rivalry with the then Kotwal when it came to the courtesan.
Ghalib never worked as such for a livelihood but lived on either state patronage, credit or generosity of his friends. His fame came to him posthumously. He had himself remarked during his lifetime that although his age ignored his greatness, it would be recognized by later generations. History has vindicated his claim. He also is arguably the most “written about” among Urdu poets.
He died in Delhi on February 15th, 1869.
?Contemporaries and disciples
Ghalib’s closest rival was poet Zauq, tutor of Bahadur Shah Zafar II, the then emperor of India with his seat in Delhi. There are some amusing anecdotes of the competition between Ghalib and Zauq and exchange of jibes between them. However, there was mutual respect for each other’s talent. Both also admired and acknowledged the supremacy of Meer Taqi Meer, a towering figure of Urdu Poetry of 18th century. Another poet Momin, whose ghazals had a distinctly lyrical flavor, was also a famous contemporary of Ghalib.
?Ghalib’s poetry
Although Ghalib wrote in Persian as well, he is more famous for his ghazals written in Urdu. It is believed he wrote most of his very popular ghazals by the age of nineteen. His ghazals, unlike those of Meer Taqi Meer, contain highly Persianized Urdu, and are therefore not easily understood or appreciated by a vast majority of people without some extra effort. Before Ghalib, ghazal was primarily an expression of anguished love but he expressed philosophy, the travails of life and many such subjects, thus vastly expanding the scope of ghazal. This, together with his many masterpieces, will forever remain his paramount contribution to Urdu Poetry and Literature.
In keeping with the conventions of the classical ghazal, in most of Ghalib’s verses, the identity and the gender of the beloved is indeterminate. The beloved could be a beautiful woman, or a beautiful boy, or even God. As the renowned critic/poet/writer Shamsur Rahman Faruqui explains, since the convention of having the “idea” of a lover or beloved instead of an actual lover/beloved freed the poet-protagonist-lover from the demands of “realism”, love poetry in Urdu from the last quarter of the seventeenth century onwards consists mostly of “poems about love” and not “love poems” in the Western sense of the term. Ghalib’s poetry is a fine illustration of this. Ghalib also excels in deeply introspective and philosophical verses.
The first complete English translation of Ghalib’s love poems (ghazals) was written by Dr. Sarfaraz K. Niazi(http://www.ghalib.org) and published by Rupa & Co in India and Ferozsons in Pakistan. The title of this book is Love Sonnets of Ghalib and it contains complete roman transliteration, explication and an extensive lexicon.
?His Letters
Not only Urdu poetry but the prose is also indebted to Mirza Ghalib. His letters gave foundation to easy and popular Urdu. Before Ghalib, letter writing in Urdu was highly ornamental. He made his letters “talk” by using words and sentences as if he were conversing with the reader. According to him “sau kos say ba-zabaan-e-qalam baatein kiya karo aur hijr mein visaal kay ma-zay liya karo” [ from hundred of miles talk with the tongue of the pen and enjoy the joy of meeting even when you are separated] His letters were very informal, some times he would just write the name of the person and start the letter. He himself was very humorous and also made his letter very interesting. He said “main koshish karta hoon keh koi aisi baat likhoon jo pa-rhay khoosh ho jaaye” [ I want to write the lines that whoever reads those should enjoy it] When the third wife of one of his friends died, he wrote… “Allah allah aik woh log hain jo teen teen dafah iss qaid say chhoot chu-kain hain aur aik hum hain keh aik ag-lay pachas baras say jo phansi ka phanda ga-lay mein parha hai to nah phanda hi tut-ta hai nah dum hi nikalta hai” [Allah Allah, there are some among us who have been freed from this prison three times and I have for the past 50 years this rope around my neck; neither this rope breaks nor it takes my life] Some scholars says that Ghalib would have the same place in Urdu literature if only on the basis of his letters.They have been beautifully translated into English by Ralph Russell, The Oxford Ghalib.
?His Takhallus
His original Takhallus (pen-name) was Asad but then he came across this ‘sher’ (couplet) which used the same takhallus:
Asad us jafaa par butoN say wafaa ki. Meray sher shabaash rahmat kHuda ki.
(Asad worshipped idols after being betrayed. O My Lion, mercy of God Be On You)
He apparently said, “Whoever authored this sher should get lots of rahmat (“mercy”) of God but if it is mine then lots of laanat (“shame”) on me!”, and he changed his takhallus to ‘Ghalib’, which literally means a conqueror.
See note at Urdu poetry#Pen names
?Film,TV serial and Plays based on Ghalib
Indian Cinema has paid a tribute to the legendary poet through a film (in sepia/black and white) named Mirza Ghalib (made in 1954) in which Bharat Bhushan plays Ghalib and Suraiya plays his courtesan lover, Chaudvin. The musical score of the film was composed by Ghulam Mohammed and his compositions of Ghalib’s famous ghazals are likely to remain everlasting favorites.
Pakistan Cinema has also paid tribute to the legendary poet through another film also named Mirza Ghalib. The film was directed by M.M. Billoo Mehra and produced as well by M.M. Billoo Mehra for S.K. Pictures. The music was composed by Tassaduq Hussain. The film starred Pakistan film superstar Sudhir playing Ghalib and Madam Noor Jehan playing his courtesan lover, Chaudvin. The film was released on November 24, 1961 and reached average status at the box-office, however, the music remains memorable in Pakistan to this day.
Gulzar produced a TV serial titled Mirza Ghalib. It was telecast on Doordarshan (the Indian National Channel) and was quite well-accepted and liked by viewers. Naseeruddin Shah played Ghalib in the serial. The ghazals were sung by Jagjit Singh and Chitra singh.
Pakistan government in 1969 commissioned Khaliq Ibrahim (died 2006) to make a documentary on Mirza Ghalib. The movie was completed in 1971-2, and is regarded as a masterpiece. It is said, that the movie–a docu-drama–was historically more correct than what the official Pakistan government point of view was. Thus, it was never released. Till this date, barring a few private viewing, the movie is lying with the Department of Films and Publication, Government of Pakistan. The movie was made on 16 mm format. Ghalib’s role was played by actor Subhani Bayunus, who later played this role in many TV productions.
Various Theatre groups have staged various plays related to the life of Mirza Ghalib,have shown different life styles and the way he used to live his life.One of the leading theatre group in New Delhi Pierrot?s Troupe staged a play named “GHALIB IN NEW DELHI” where it was shown if Ghalib returns back to his beloved Dilli.and what all changes will he see here.It is a comedy directed by Dr.M.Sayed Alam.
Synopsis :Purveyor of original plays, particularly in the genre of comedy, in India, Pierrot?s Troupe brings, this time around, Ghalib In New Delhi — the most popular and critically acclaimed comedy play in recent times.This rip-roaring comedy has the great erstwhile Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib revisiting his beloved ?Dehli?, now ironically ?Delhi?, in 2007 to witness his posthumous fame, something that was quite elusive in his lifetime.The entire plot revolves around Ghalib striving against an omnipotent identity crisis, beginning with the occupants of his ?Haveli? mistaking him as Ghalib?s ?Jinn?. This forces him to stay with a ?Bihari? boy, Jai Hind, a Delhi University student, in a servant quarter. His confidence is further shattered when Jai Hind and his landlady Mrs. Chaddha recognize his worth only through the voice of Jagjit Singh, and the screen portrayal of Naseeruddin Shah. Persuaded by the duo and in desperate need of recognition, Ghalib decides to ?sell? himself. The consequent press conference turns out to be a damp squib with the journalists being more interested in post-conference snacks and juicy headlines. Ghalib then opts for an advertising agency to perpetuate his presence in the minds of the people. What is the fate of Ghalib? Does his rebirth spell further disaster? Is Delhi a mere travesty of his hopes and aspirations? The answer lies in watching Ghalib in New Delhi, a laugh riot posing some serious questions about the stagnating moral codes.
Friday, 9 December 2011
TAX CONVENTION: OECD WANTS INDIA TO SPEED UP RATIFICATION
The OECD, a grouping of wealthy nations, hopes that India would go in for quick ratification of the Multilateral Convention on mutual administrative assistance in tax matters—a multilateral agreement that is now being seen as the `gold standard' for co-operation in tax administration. The multilateral convention covers all taxes (both direct and indirect taxes), all forms of exchange of information and provides for assistance not just in the assessment of tax but also in the actual collection, according to Mr Jeffrey Owens, Director, Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, OECD. G20 countries are moving from bilateral to multilateral agreements. At the recent G20 leaders summit at Cannes, India had along with 12 other G20 countries associated with this convention. India has already signed a letter of intent and now quick ratification is required, Mr Owens told Businessline here today. Mr Owens and senior OECD officials had a bilateral meeting with the Finance Minister, Mr Pranab Mukherjee and his top officials here today. The discussions included the action points arising from the recent G20 Summit at Cannes, progress made by India in extending their tax agreements with so called tax havens or bank secrecy jurisdictions, transparency on tax incentives offered by India and the benefits of Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation. In a global economy, where high networth individuals and multinational enterprises operate in many jurisdictions,it is now being recognised that bilateral agreements may be inadequate to address multilateral issues, Mr Owens pointed out. As many as 34 countries have already signed the multilateral convention on mutual administrative assistance on tax matters. - www.thehindubusinessline.com
GOOGLE INDIA GETS I-T NOTICE
GOOGLE INDIA GETS I-T NOTICE
Around the same time Telecom Minister Kapil Sibal was planning to pull up Google,the Income-Tax Department was giving the final touches to a tax demand on the Indian arm of the global search engine company.Google India Pvt Ltd,according to the tax office,has not offered its entire income for taxation and the profit and loss account filed by the company does not give complete picture of the businesses.The department has questioned Google Indias practice of paying tax on its net income from advertisements,after crediting a sizeable amount as distribution fees to Google Ireland.Google India runs the Adwords programme whereby advertisements that appear on its website are sold in India to Indian business establishments.Tax officers have built their argument on the basis of the contract between Google India and Google Ireland.As per this,Google India is conducting the business and obtaining revenue from Adwords programme on its own account.This,according to the I-T departments interpretation,makes Google India a separate entity that should declare its full income for tax purpose, said a person who is aware of a tax assessment order that was served on Google India this week.For the assessment year 2008-09,the order says Google India has admitted revenue of only.Rs.7.49 crore instead of showing the correct revenue of.Rs.167.32 crore.Besides,no tax was deducted at source against the amount credited to Google Ireland.Based on the tax on the gross income and TDS,the department has made a claim of.Rs.74 crore for the year.Google India spokesperson did not reply to a text message and an email query from ET.The firm is learnt to have told the department that there is no omission in accounting of the revenue and the transaction with Google Ireland is at arms length and adequate documentation has been maintained to substantiate this. - www.economictimes.indiatimes.
Around the same time Telecom Minister Kapil Sibal was planning to pull up Google,the Income-Tax Department was giving the final touches to a tax demand on the Indian arm of the global search engine company.Google India Pvt Ltd,according to the tax office,has not offered its entire income for taxation and the profit and loss account filed by the company does not give complete picture of the businesses.The department has questioned Google Indias practice of paying tax on its net income from advertisements,after crediting a sizeable amount as distribution fees to Google Ireland.Google India runs the Adwords programme whereby advertisements that appear on its website are sold in India to Indian business establishments.Tax officers have built their argument on the basis of the contract between Google India and Google Ireland.As per this,Google India is conducting the business and obtaining revenue from Adwords programme on its own account.This,according to the I-T departments interpretation,makes Google India a separate entity that should declare its full income for tax purpose, said a person who is aware of a tax assessment order that was served on Google India this week.For the assessment year 2008-09,the order says Google India has admitted revenue of only.Rs.7.49 crore instead of showing the correct revenue of.Rs.167.32 crore.Besides,no tax was deducted at source against the amount credited to Google Ireland.Based on the tax on the gross income and TDS,the department has made a claim of.Rs.74 crore for the year.Google India spokesperson did not reply to a text message and an email query from ET.The firm is learnt to have told the department that there is no omission in accounting of the revenue and the transaction with Google Ireland is at arms length and adequate documentation has been maintained to substantiate this. - www.economictimes.indiatimes.
Thursday, 1 September 2011
Dengue Fever & Papaya Leaf Juice
I wish to share the following information regarding Dengue Fever & Papaya Leaf Juice that I have gathered from the internet and a forwarded email.
Appropriate medical care frequently saves the lives of patients with the more serious dengue hemorrhagic fever. There is no specific treatment for classic dengue fever, and most people recover within 2 weeks. To help with recovery, health care experts recommend:
Dengue fever is caused by a virus that is being transmitted through the bites of infective female Aedes mosquitoes. This virus is not contagious and cannot be spread directly from person to person. There must be a person-to-mosquito-to-another-person pathway. However, presently there is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat dengue caused by the virus.
It seems that dengue strikes people with low levels of immunity. The body contains two types of blood cells: red and white. White blood cells help to fight off illnesses. Dengue fever decreases the amount of white blood cells, thus exposing the patient to illness.
Some of the symptoms of dengue fever are: very high fever, nausea, headache, rash and dangerously low blood platelets count.
Dengue starts with chills, headache, pain upon moving the eyes, and low backache. Painful aching in the legs and joints occurs during the first hours of illness. The temperature rises quickly as high as 104° F (40° C), with relative low heart rate (bradycardia) and low blood pressure (hypotension). The eyes become reddened. A flushing or pale pink rash comes over the face and then disappears. The glands (lymph nodes) in the neck and groin are often swollen.
Fever and other signs of dengue last for 2 - 4 days, followed by rapid drop in temperature (defervescence) with profuse sweating. This precedes a period with normal temperature and a sense of well-being that lasts about a day. A second rapid rise in temperature follows. A characteristic rash appears along with the fever and spreads from the extremities to cover the entire body except the face. The palms and soles may be bright red and swollen.
Appropriate medical care frequently saves the lives of patients with the more serious dengue hemorrhagic fever. There is no specific treatment for classic dengue fever, and most people recover within 2 weeks. To help with recovery, health care experts recommend:
1) Getting plenty of bed rest.
2) Drinking lots of fluids for adequate hydration.
3) Taking medicine to reduce fever/severe headache and joint/muscle pain but Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided as these drugs may worsen the bleeding tendency associated with some of these infections.
4) A platelet transfusion is indicated in rare cases if the platelets level drops significantly (below 20,000) or if there are significant bleeding.
The emails speculating the goodness of papaya leaf juice for curing dengue fever suggested to take 2 tablespoon papaya leaf juice per serving once a day, prepared from using 4 pieces papaya leaf (without stem or sap) after cleaning, pound and squeeze with filter cloth. Someone suggested to juice the leaves using a gear juicer or blend the leaves using a food processor/blender, and then put them in a filter cloth to squeeze out the juice. Do not boil or cook or rinse with hot water, otherwise it will loose its strength. Its taste is horribly bitter and may have to swallow it as if drinking 王老吉 'Won Low Kat'.
Although there may be no scientific proof of this recommendation, but papaya leaf is known to contain very high amounts of vitamins A, C, E, K, B Complex and especially high in B17 (laetrile, which is used for the treatment of cancer). Moreover, papaya leaf juice is believed to increase the number of white blood cells in the body
We have also come across online postings about the use of papaya leaf juice helping dengue patients to increase the platelets count dramatically and later overcome the fever.
“Two of my friends were admitted to the hospital last year and we helped out by making for them, fresh juice from papaya leaves. After taking the papaya leaf juice, their blood platelets count increased rapidly and they were out of the hospital within days. One of them reported their platelets count at a dangerous level of only 8 (normal count is 150 and above). One week after she was discharged, her platelets count shot up to above 300.”
Such discussions on internet or circulation through emails may not be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. However, there is no harm of taking papaya leaf juice after a dengue patient has seen a doctor, and has been advised to have adequate rest and drink lot of water and fluids, whether hospitalized or not.
It's great if such natural cure could help to ease the sufferings of dengue patients. Who knows this might make naturopathy a little more popular as currently it seems that there is no cure for the dreaded dengue reaching epidemic proportions.
But one thing is sure; the only way to prevent dengue virus transmission is to combat the disease-carrying Aedes mosquitoes, by eradicating all possible breeding sites.
Saturday, 13 August 2011
Keyboad Shortkutzz
Topic of this week "Keyboad Shortkutzz". Learn a new keyboard shortcuts. For people who dont like to use the mouse.
* CTRL+C (Copy)
* CTRL+X (Cut)
* CTRL+V (Paste)
* CTRL+Z (Undo)
* DELETE (Delete)
* SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
* CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
* CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
* F2 key (Rename the selected item)
* CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
* CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
* CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
* CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
* CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
* SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
* CTRL+A (Select all)
* F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
* ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
* ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
* ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
* ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
* CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
* ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
* ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
* F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
* F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
* SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
* ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
* CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
* ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
* Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
* F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
* RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
* LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
* F5 key (Update the active window)
* BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
* ESC (Cancel the current task)
* SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
* CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Open Task Manager)
Dialog box keyboard shortcuts
If you press SHIFT+F8 in extended selection list boxes, you enable extended selection mode. In this mode, you can use an arrow key to move a cursor without changing the selection. You can press CTRL+SPACEBAR or SHIFT+SPACEBAR to adjust the selection. To cancel extended selection mode, press SHIFT+F8 again. Extended selection mode cancels itself when you move the focus to another control.
- CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
- CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
- TAB (Move forward through the options)
- SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
- ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
- ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
- SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
- Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
- F1 key (Display Help)
- F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
- BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
Microsoft natural keyboard shortcuts
- Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
- Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
- Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
- Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
- Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
- Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
- Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
- CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
- Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
- Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
- Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
- Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility keyboard shortcuts
- Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
- Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
- Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
- SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
- NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
- Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts
- END (Display the bottom of the active window)
- HOME (Display the top of the active window)
- NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
- NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
- NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
- LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
- RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
- RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
- LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
- UP ARROW (Move up one row)
- DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
- PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
- PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
- HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
- END (Move to the end of the line)
- CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
- CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
- SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) main window keyboard shortcuts
- CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
- CTRL+N (Open a new console)
- CTRL+S (Save the open console)
- CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
- CTRL+W (Open a new window)
- F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
- ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
- ALT+F4 (Close the console)
- ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
- ALT+V (Display the View menu)
- ALT+F (Display the File menu)
- ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC console window keyboard shortcuts
- CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
- ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
- SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
- F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
- F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
- CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
- CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
- ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
- F2 key (Rename the selected item)
- CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote desktop connection navigation
- CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
- ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
- ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
- ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
- ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
- CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
- ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
- CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
- CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
Microsoft Internet Explorer navigation
- CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
- CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
- CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
- CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
- CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
- CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
- CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
- CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
- CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
- CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
- CTRL+W (Close the current window)
Please get back to us if u have any queries regarding the shortkutzz
Monday, 4 July 2011
Things People should know about Employees Provident Fund
1) Your PF entitles you to pension too
Despite the popularity of the EPF as a saving tool, not many people are enthused by or even aware of the Employees’ Pension Scheme. Introduced in 1995, it is funded by diverting 8.3%, or a little more than a third of your PF contribution. The pension on retirement is linked to the number of years in service and the average salary drawn in the year before retirement.
However, the scheme has failed to draw the EPFO’s 5 crore members because of the measly payouts associated with it. The reason is that since most employers pay PF only on the mandatory salary cap of Rs 6,500 per month, the pension income for a majority of workers is abysmally low, at times, less than Rs 1,000 a month.
It is, however, possible to get a higher pension income. “Good employers like Infosys pay Provident Fund contributions on the entire basic salaries,” says SC Chatterjee, the Central PF Commissioner. “If your basic pay is Rs 30,000 a month, employers can invest 24% of this amount into your PF account. “You will be entitled to a pension on the basis of your actual basic pay rather than Rs 6,500,” he adds.
For salaries up to Rs 6,500:
For salaries up to Rs 6,500, the government also chips in with a subsidy of Rs 75. This added up to Rs 994 crore for all EPF members in 2009-10. Another way smart employers help boost the pension is by raising the worker’s salary in the last year of employment.
“Suppose I earn Rs 25,000 and contribute 8.33% towards EPS. However, on my 57th birthday, my employer can raise my salary to Rs 1 lakh. Since my salary for the last one year will be Rs 1 lakh, I can get a pension of around Rs 50,000. So you can get twice your original salary as pension,” says Chatterjee.
However, for this to happen, the employer should have contributed his share to the Provident Fund on the actual basic salary, not the mandated limit of Rs 6,500 for the entire service period. Though this is not fair to other workers who are part of the pension pool, the pension scheme’s design makes this manipulation possible.
EPS money as a lump sum along with your PF balance
If you don’t want a pension from EPF, you can get the EPS money as a lump sum along with your PF balance. The benefit will not be linked to the actual contributions made, but to your last year’s average salary and the number of years in service.
What if: You retire early, die in harness, change jobs…
If you retire before the age of 58
Even if you stop working before reaching the age of superannuation, you can avail of pension benefits. However, you shouldn’t be less than 50 years of age. Also, the pension amount will be reduced by 2% for every year. So, if after working for 25 years, you take retirement at 50, your pension amount should be Rs 2,321 per month. But as you left service eight years before the age of superannuation, your pension will be reduced by 16%—it will be Rs 1,950.
If you have worked for less than 10 years
If you have completed less than 10 years of service, you can avail of the pension as a lump sum by opting for the withdrawal benefit. This amount will be provided to you on the basis of your annual contribution to the pension fund multiplied by the number of years that you have completed in service. You will also be entitled to a small interest on this amount, again depending on the number of years that you have been in service.
If you die before retiring
If you die while you are employed with an organisation, your pension benefit is not lost. Your legal heirs will be entitled to a pension, which is a maximum of Rs 1,000 per month (Rs 750 for spouse and Rs 250 for two children till they turn 25).
However, you should have put in a minimum of one month’s service to avail of this benefit. Also, the widow will not be entitled to a pension if she marries again, while dependent parents will be if the employee has no eligible family or has made no nomination.
If you change jobs
When you change jobs, and shift you PF account, your pension doesn’t automatically get transferred. You need to apply for a scheme certificate through Form 10C and route it through the new employer. The certificate has details of the previous employer and years of pension contribution.
“The PF account is linked to an individual, but the EPS scheme is pool-based and can’t be started all over again. So when you change jobs, your earlier service is not considered and it reduces the pension amount,” says Chatterjee.
2) Insurance benefits
Besides a monthly stream of income, the EPF subscription entitles you to an insurance cover on your life through the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI) scheme. For this, your organisation contributes 0.5% of your monthly basic pay, capped at Rs 6,500, as premium.
Till recently the insurance amount was entirely linked to the balance in your PF. According to the new rules, your cover amount is higher of the two: 20 times the average wages of the past 12 months (up to Rs 6,500 per month), that is Rs 1,30,000, or the full amount in your PF account up to Rs 50,000 and 40% of the balance amount.
3) Claim interest on withdrawn amount
The EPF rate has to be declared at the beginning of every financial year so that all members withdrawing or retiring from the system through the year get the interest that is due to them. But in recent years, the EPF rate has become a matter of prolonged political debate and is often declared and notified much after the end of the financial year.
Till the rate is notified for a particular year, workers’ withdrawals are credited at the previous year’s rate. For instance, in 2010-11, the Labour Ministry announced a rate of 9.5%, but it is yet to be notified. So, lakhs of workers, whose PF claims have been settled so far, have lost out on the 1% increase over last year’s rate of 8.5%.
The Central PF Commissioner admits this is a problem, but has promised that his department will pay the difference to all the affected members. “If you have withdrawn your PF balance during this year while the government hasn’t notified the PF rate, you can approach your PF office later to pay you the higher interest rate on the balance,” says Chatterjee.
If, on the other hand, your claim is not settled within 30 days of applying, you can move the court. If it is established that the delay was due to ‘inadequate reasons’, you will be entitled to an interest on the balance at the rate of 1% for every month of delay.
4) Use EPF to fund the following
Have you finally zeroed in on your dream house but are running short of funds? Or perhaps your child’s education cost is more than you had planned for? At such times, it’s easy to fall back on your EPF savings. While you cannot withdraw the entire corpus to fund such needs, you can do so partially for specific occasions, such as children’s education, marriages, or for buying a house or a plot of land.
Go through the following list to find out when you can avail of this facility, the amount you can withdraw and the conditions you need to fulfill.
Marriage or education of self, children or siblings
–> You should have completed a minimum of seven years of service.
–> The maximum amount you can draw is 50% of your contribution (12% of the basic salary).
–> You can avail of it three times in your working life.
–> You will have to submit the wedding invite or a certified copy of the fee payable to the educational institution.
Medical treatment for Self or family (spouse, children, dependent parents)
–> You can avail of it for major surgical operations in a hospital or by those suffering from TB, leprosy, paralysis, cancer, mental derangement or heart ailments.
–> The maximum amount you can draw is six times your salary or the entire contribution made by you till date, whichever is less.
–> You must show proof of hospitalisation for one month or more with leave certificate for that period from your employer. You must also prove that you are not a member of the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation or are unable to use its facilities for surgery/treatment.
Repay a housing loan for a house in the name of self, spouse or owned jointly
–> You should have completed at least 10 years of service.
–> You are eligible to withdraw an amount that is up to 36 times your wages.
Alterations/repairs to an existing home for house in the name of self, spouse or jointly
–> You need a minimum service of five years (10 years for repairs) after the house was built/bought.
–> You can draw up to 12 times the wages, only once.
Damage due to natural calamity
–> You can withdraw up to Rs 5,000 or 50% of your contribution to the provident fund.
–> You have to apply within four months of the calamity.
–> As proof, you need a certificate of damage from the requisite authority and a calamity declaration by the state government.
Construction or purchase of house or flat/site or plot for self or spouse or joint ownership
–> You should have completed at least five years of service.
–> The maximum amount you can avail of is 36 times your wages. To buy a site or plot, the amount is 24 times your salary.
–> Can be avail of it just once during the entire service.
Equipment purchased by physically handicapped employees
–> You can draw up to six months’ basic salary and dearness allowance, or your share of PF contribution with interest, or the cost of equipment.
–> You will have to submit a medical certificate.
5) Premature withdrawal
Under the EPF Act, you cannot withdraw the full amount in your provident fund account before the age of superannuation. However, if you suffer permanent and complete disability or are moving abroad to settle, you can withdraw this amount. It is also possible to do so in case of mass retrenchment by the employer.
If, however, you retire voluntarily before you are 55 years old, you cannot withdraw the full amount. Under normal circumstances, you can withdraw up to 90% of the fund amount after you turn 54 or within one year of actual retirement or superannuation, whichever is earlier.
6) Have your grievances addressed
The EPF Organisation has a grievance redressal mechanism in place and it is covered under the Consumer Protection Act. The process of registering your grievance is simple. All you have to do is log on to epfigms.gov.in/. Since late last year, the EPFO has become a part of the Centralised Public Grievances Redressal and Monitoring System, which allows you to register the grievances and track their status online.
It’s a centralised system, so all your complaints are also monitored by the head office. “We reply to all the grievance within 30 days of their receipt. If someone is not satisfied with the response, he/she can come and meet me,” says Chatterjee.
Wednesday, 15 June 2011
Strategic game plans and plays to clear CA exams
Hey everyone I am back again with another article and this time it is based on future aspects rather than past experience as like previous articles.
A guide to IPCC:
A motivational quote for a finalist:
And finally a self realisation article:
All those were based on past experience but this one is focused on a reply to all your queries I generally received from the readers and TARGETING Nov’11 exams {CA final}. Truly speaking I never wanted to share my secrets but as I progress in life I found that I am better off while helping others, so here are some of the Strategic Game Plans & Plays which one may follow to try clear their exams.
Some of them was so weird one can’t expect. How can I know what are your personal capabilities and circumstances under which you are living, people ask such things that they want a direct spoon in their mouth? Sorry friends that thing is not possible for anyone.
Importance of a plan
Seriously friends I don’t know how many of you believe it or not but it is a real fact that we can never ignore for a course like CA. Plans are very important and have a meaning only if they are written. Why written…?
The benefits which I found are:-
- Paste a written plan on your bed side wall. It constantly reminds us of our goals, otherwise we will forget those in 3-4 days and again aimless.
- If you try to think you will find that the way is easier and our steps are faster when we know the target. Written is just like a target where we had to go.
- A day wasted in preparing a plan can save upto 10 days implementing it. {it’s proved}
- It will increase your efficiency and effectiveness.
How to make it
Again this is the approach I followed and you may take it as an example and draft your own.
Step I: Initial Phase
First of all take whole of your syllabus and 8 fresh pages {for final exams}. Draw out a table having columns being Sl.no., Topic, Time Required {in hrs.}, and remarks. Start noting down each and every topic allotting reasonable time.
From this you will get to know the total time required for you preparation. Then attach a master sheet which shall include only those topics which are not done at all or pending or revision as shown below to get a bird’s eye view.
| Month | Topics/subjects/chapters | Time Required | Remarks |
| June | ………………. | xxx | 40% done till 15th …. |
| | …………. | xxx | |
| | …………. | xxx | |
| | ……………… | xxx | |
| | …………. | | |
| | | | |
| July | | | |
Step II: Get deeper
Then we come to deeper level of planning within a framework as decided in above step. Here start your plan day wise. Use this link to download a calendar in word format and Make a daily target and write in corresponding box and see next day how efficient you are.
Write targets at start of months and pending work at the end.
Step III: Mental preparation
- Please friends try it once, leave it if you found it unsuccessful as it would waste your only a day but may save upto 10 days.
- Most important is to daily follow your schedule and fill all your calendar entries as only then it could prove successful.
- Don’t make weird and absurd plans. Make schedule according to your capabilities.
- And finally don’t get feared for exams. It is A CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT exam. We are never failed until we quit.
I found some useful lyrics of a song ---
Chaani jo khaak to mitt ke sona, tu ban gayaGhamon ki aag mein tap ke sooraj, tu ban gaya
Chaani jo khaak to mitt ke sona, tu ban gaya
Gamon ki aag mein tap ke sooraj, tu ban gaya
Aaj paaya hai tuney, sab kho ke mureeda
Mili jannat tujhe to, jab bigda naseeba
Haathon se nikli manzil jab yeh daaman chhuth gaya
Aye bekhabar tu benoor ho ke roshan ho gaya
Bhari hai yeh khaali si jholi jo tu bhatka dar badar
Yeh bhi na jaane yeh kaafir ki dua ka hai asar
Jo taare se toota, sab khwaish milegi
Zara haathon ko phailaa, mannatein sab milengi
Hua tabah aur hadd se zyada khoya jab qaraar
Udhi udhi tab saansein jaise udta hai gubaar
Socha karey kis pal mein dil ko raahat hai mili
Khuda ke ghar mein taalim tujhko gir ke jab mili
Aaj paaya hai tuney, sab kho ke mureeda
Mili jannat tujhe to, jab bigda naseeba
On a request of some member this is my ID’s
Gmail: saurabh7567@gmail.com
Last but not the least you may anytime mail me your queries and I’ll try to solve those but don’t get weird questions like:-
1. Mujhe plan banana nahi aata, kya karu ?? {if you can’t make after reading above, then think once again that are you eligible to carry a prestigious award of CA in your name}
2. Maine toh abhi tak kuch bhi nahi kiya, November is how possible ?? {use it for May}
3. Aap hi bana ke dedo ?? {don’t ask for answer on this question, I have some very dangerous thoughts}
4. Blah blah blah………
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